BY — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($31.92)
DCF	$-9.04	-128.3%
Graham Number	$42.55	+33.3%
Reverse DCF	—	—
DDM	$8.65	-72.9%
EV/EBITDA	—	—

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: —

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 9.5% / EPS: 13.0%

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 6.35%

Computed WACC: 6.35%

Cost of equity (Re)8.91%(Rf 4.30% + β 0.84 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)71.31%

Debt weight (D/V)28.69%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$-9.04

Current Price$31.92

Upside / Downside-128.3%

Net Debt (used)$411.82M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	5.0%	9.0%	13.0%	17.0%	21.0%
7.0%	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04
8.0%	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04
9.0%	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04
10.0%	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04
11.0%	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04	$-9.04

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $2.89

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $27.84

Results

Graham Number$42.55

Current Price$31.92

Margin of Safety+33.3%

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 6.35%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 6.35%

Cost of equity (Re)8.91%(Rf 4.30% + β 0.84 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)71.31%

Debt weight (D/V)28.69%

Results

Reverse DCF requires positive TTM free cash flow.

Current Price$31.92

Implied Near-term FCF Growth—

Historical Revenue Growth9.5%

Historical Earnings Growth13.0%

Base FCF (TTM)—

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: $0.42

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

DDM Intrinsic Value / share$8.65

Current Price$31.92

Upside / Downside-72.9%

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: —

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: —×

Net Debt($B)Default: $411.82M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$-9.04

Current Price$31.92

Upside / Downside-128.3%

Implied EV$0

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