CCO — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($2.39)
DCF	$2.45	+2.4%
Graham Number	—	—
Reverse DCF	—	implied g: 8.1%
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	$2.41	+1.0%

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: $354.21M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 8.2% / EPS: —

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 7.58%

Computed WACC: 7.58%

Cost of equity (Re)17.19%(Rf 4.30% + β 2.34 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)7.35%(interest expense ÷ avg debt (SEC))

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)15.55%

Debt weight (D/V)84.45%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$6.85

Current Price$2.39

Upside / Downside+186.6%

Net Debt (used)$6.28B

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	0.2%	4.2%	8.2%	12.2%	16.2%
7.0%	$2.85	$5.91	$9.45	$13.54	$18.24
8.0%	$0.02	$2.47	$5.31	$8.58	$12.33
9.0%	$-1.94	$0.09	$2.45	$5.15	$8.25
10.0%	$-3.37	$-1.64	$0.35	$2.65	$5.27
11.0%	$-4.47	$-2.97	$-1.25	$0.74	$3.00

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $-0.21

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $-6.85

Results

Graham Number requires positive EPS and positive Book Value per share. EPS is zero or negative. BVPS is zero or negative.

Graham Number—

Current Price$2.39

Margin of Safety—

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 7.58%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 7.58%

Cost of equity (Re)17.19%(Rf 4.30% + β 2.34 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)7.35%(interest expense ÷ avg debt (SEC))

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)15.55%

Debt weight (D/V)84.45%

Results

Current Price$2.39

Implied Near-term FCF Growth3.9%

Historical Revenue Growth8.2%

Historical Earnings Growth—

Base FCF (TTM)$354.21M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$2.39

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: $479.90M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: 15.6×

Net Debt($B)Default: $6.28B

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$2.41

Current Price$2.39

Upside / Downside+1.0%

Implied EV$7.48B

Sensitivity: EV/EBITDA multiple (rows) × Net Debt (cols)

Mult \ Net Debt	$2.28B	$4.28B	$6.28B	$8.28B	$10.28B
11.6x	$6.59	$2.57	$-1.44	$-5.45	$-9.46
13.6x	$8.51	$4.50	$0.49	$-3.52	$-7.54
15.6x	$10.44	$6.43	$2.41	$-1.60	$-5.61
17.6x	$12.36	$8.35	$4.34	$0.33	$-3.69
19.6x	$14.29	$10.28	$6.26	$2.25	$-1.76

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