CVSA — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($99.81)
DCF	$218.80	+119.2%
Graham Number	$77.96	-21.9%
Reverse DCF	—	implied g: 0.6%
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	$99.81	-0.0%

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: $304.27M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 12.4% / EPS: 4.7%

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 7.98%

Computed WACC: 7.98%

Cost of equity (Re)8.21%(Rf 4.30% + β 0.71 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)8.71%(interest expense ÷ avg debt (SEC))

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)83.25%

Debt weight (D/V)16.75%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$267.05

Current Price$99.81

Upside / Downside+167.6%

Net Debt (used)$673.27M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	4.4%	8.4%	12.4%	16.4%	20.4%
7.0%	$230.64	$278.77	$334.30	$398.04	$470.89
8.0%	$183.27	$221.68	$265.93	$316.68	$374.64
9.0%	$150.59	$182.30	$218.80	$260.62	$308.33
10.0%	$126.71	$153.54	$184.39	$219.71	$259.97
11.0%	$108.52	$131.65	$158.22	$188.60	$223.20

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $6.79

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $39.79

Results

Graham Number$77.96

Current Price$99.81

Margin of Safety-21.9%

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 7.98%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 7.98%

Cost of equity (Re)8.21%(Rf 4.30% + β 0.71 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)8.71%(interest expense ÷ avg debt (SEC))

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)83.25%

Debt weight (D/V)16.75%

Results

Current Price$99.81

Implied Near-term FCF Growth-2.1%

Historical Revenue Growth12.4%

Historical Earnings Growth4.7%

Base FCF (TTM)$304.27M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$99.81

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: $428.91M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: 9.6×

Net Debt($B)Default: $673.27M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$99.81

Current Price$99.81

Upside / Downside-0.0%

Implied EV$4.12B

Sensitivity: EV/EBITDA multiple (rows) × Net Debt (cols)

Mult \ Net Debt	-$1.33B	-$326.73M	$673.27M	$1.67B	$2.67B
5.6x	$108.05	$79.07	$50.09	$21.11	$-7.86
7.6x	$132.91	$103.93	$74.95	$45.97	$16.99
9.6x	$157.77	$128.79	$99.81	$70.83	$41.85
11.6x	$182.62	$153.65	$124.67	$95.69	$66.71
13.6x	$207.48	$178.50	$149.53	$120.55	$91.57

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