DCO — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($130.28)
DCF	$46.80	-64.1%
Graham Number	—	—
Reverse DCF	—	implied g: 23.6%
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	$130.64	+0.3%

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: $43.98M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 9.4% / EPS: 6.8%

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 8.41%

Computed WACC: 8.41%

Cost of equity (Re)9.90%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.02 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)84.87%

Debt weight (D/V)15.13%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$53.86

Current Price$130.28

Upside / Downside-58.7%

Net Debt (used)$299.33M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	1.4%	5.4%	9.4%	13.4%	17.4%
7.0%	$49.03	$62.60	$78.30	$96.38	$117.11
8.0%	$36.25	$47.11	$59.66	$74.11	$90.65
9.0%	$27.42	$36.41	$46.80	$58.73	$72.39
10.0%	$20.95	$28.59	$37.39	$47.50	$59.06
11.0%	$16.02	$22.62	$30.23	$38.94	$48.90

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $-2.32

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $44.29

Results

Graham Number requires positive EPS and positive Book Value per share. EPS is zero or negative.

Graham Number—

Current Price$130.28

Margin of Safety—

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 8.41%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 8.41%

Cost of equity (Re)9.90%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.02 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)84.87%

Debt weight (D/V)15.13%

Results

Current Price$130.28

Implied Near-term FCF Growth21.6%

Historical Revenue Growth9.4%

Historical Earnings Growth6.8%

Base FCF (TTM)$43.98M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$130.28

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: $110.89M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: 20.3×

Net Debt($B)Default: $299.33M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$130.64

Current Price$130.28

Upside / Downside+0.3%

Implied EV$2.25B

Sensitivity: EV/EBITDA multiple (rows) × Net Debt (cols)

Mult \ Net Debt	-$1.70B	-$700.67M	$299.33M	$1.30B	$2.30B
16.3x	$234.77	$167.87	$100.96	$34.05	$-32.86
18.3x	$249.61	$182.70	$115.80	$48.89	$-18.02
20.3x	$264.45	$197.54	$130.64	$63.73	$-3.18
22.3x	$279.29	$212.38	$145.48	$78.57	$11.66
24.3x	$294.13	$227.22	$160.32	$93.41	$26.50

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