EPSN — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($5.32)
DCF	$17573.72	+330233.0%
Graham Number	$5.25	-1.3%
Reverse DCF	—	implied g: -0.1%
DDM	$5.15	-3.2%
EV/EBITDA	$3.93	-26.2%

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: $11.26M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 23.2% / EPS: 192.0%

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 4.02%

Computed WACC: 4.02%

Cost of equity (Re)4.03%(Rf 4.30% + β -0.05 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)99.76%

Debt weight (D/V)0.24%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$108452.98

Current Price$5.32

Upside / Downside+2038489.9%

Net Debt (used)-$12.38M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	184.0%	188.0%	192.0%	196.0%	200.0%
7.0%	$25532.67	$27381.42	$29335.75	$31400.13	$33579.13
8.0%	$19424.38	$20830.70	$22317.33	$23887.67	$25545.18
9.0%	$15295.90	$16403.20	$17573.72	$18810.14	$20115.20
10.0%	$12347.44	$13241.19	$14185.96	$15183.91	$16237.27
11.0%	$10156.29	$10891.33	$11668.34	$12489.09	$13355.39

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $0.27

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $4.54

Results

Graham Number$5.25

Current Price$5.32

Margin of Safety-1.3%

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 4.02%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 4.02%

Cost of equity (Re)4.03%(Rf 4.30% + β -0.05 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)99.76%

Debt weight (D/V)0.24%

Results

Current Price$5.32

Implied Near-term FCF Growth-19.1%

Historical Revenue Growth23.2%

Historical Earnings Growth192.0%

Base FCF (TTM)$11.26M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: $0.25

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

DDM Intrinsic Value / share$5.15

Current Price$5.32

Upside / Downside-3.2%

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: $27.09M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: 3.9×

Net Debt($B)Default: -$12.38M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$3.93

Current Price$5.32

Upside / Downside-26.2%

Implied EV$105.01M

Sensitivity: EV/EBITDA multiple (rows) × Net Debt (cols)

Mult \ Net Debt	-$2.01B	-$1.01B	-$12.38M	$987.62M	$1.99B
-0.1x	$67.21	$33.75	$0.30	$-33.15	$-66.60
1.9x	$69.02	$35.57	$2.11	$-31.34	$-64.79
3.9x	$70.83	$37.38	$3.93	$-29.53	$-62.98
5.9x	$72.64	$39.19	$5.74	$-27.71	$-61.17
7.9x	$74.46	$41.00	$7.55	$-25.90	$-59.35

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