IOR — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($18.80)
DCF	$-19.22	-202.2%
Graham Number	$26.42	+40.6%
Reverse DCF	—	—
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	—	—

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: -$4.45M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: — / EPS: -13.9%

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 4.50%

Computed WACC: 4.50%

Cost of equity (Re)4.50%(Rf 4.30% + β 0.04 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)100.00%

Debt weight (D/V)0.00%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$-63.01

Current Price$18.80

Upside / Downside-435.2%

Net Debt (used)-$6,000

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	-3.0%	1.0%	5.0%	9.0%	13.0%
7.0%	$-19.38	$-23.30	$-27.86	$-33.14	$-39.22
8.0%	$-15.93	$-19.09	$-22.75	$-26.99	$-31.86
9.0%	$-13.54	$-16.17	$-19.22	$-22.74	$-26.78
10.0%	$-11.79	$-14.03	$-16.63	$-19.62	$-23.05
11.0%	$-10.45	$-12.39	$-14.65	$-17.24	$-20.21

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $1.01

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $30.73

Results

Graham Number$26.42

Current Price$18.80

Margin of Safety+40.6%

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 4.50%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 4.50%

Cost of equity (Re)4.50%(Rf 4.30% + β 0.04 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)100.00%

Debt weight (D/V)0.00%

Results

Reverse DCF requires positive TTM free cash flow.

Current Price$18.80

Implied Near-term FCF Growth—

Historical Revenue Growth—

Historical Earnings Growth-13.9%

Base FCF (TTM)-$4.45M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$18.80

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: —

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: —×

Net Debt($B)Default: -$6,000

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$0.00

Current Price$18.80

Upside / Downside-100.0%

Implied EV$0

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