IPSC — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($2.26)
DCF	$3.19	+41.2%
Graham Number	—	—
Reverse DCF	—	implied g: -4.4%
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	—	—

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: $10.89M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: — / EPS: —

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 13.50%

Computed WACC: 13.50%

Cost of equity (Re)13.98%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.76 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)14.44%(interest expense ÷ avg debt (SEC))

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)81.46%

Debt weight (D/V)18.54%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$2.29

Current Price$2.26

Upside / Downside+1.2%

Net Debt (used)-$87.79M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	-3.0%	1.0%	5.0%	9.0%	13.0%
7.0%	$3.21	$3.66	$4.18	$4.78	$5.47
8.0%	$2.82	$3.18	$3.59	$4.08	$4.63
9.0%	$2.55	$2.84	$3.19	$3.59	$4.05
10.0%	$2.35	$2.60	$2.90	$3.24	$3.63
11.0%	$2.19	$2.41	$2.67	$2.97	$3.30

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $-0.32

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $2.04

Results

Graham Number requires positive EPS and positive Book Value per share. EPS is zero or negative.

Graham Number—

Current Price$2.26

Margin of Safety—

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 13.50%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 13.50%

Cost of equity (Re)13.98%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.76 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)14.44%(interest expense ÷ avg debt (SEC))

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)81.46%

Debt weight (D/V)18.54%

Results

Current Price$2.26

Implied Near-term FCF Growth4.6%

Historical Revenue Growth—

Historical Earnings Growth—

Base FCF (TTM)$10.89M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$2.26

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: -$9.80M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: -11.2×

Net Debt($B)Default: -$87.79M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$2.26

Current Price$2.26

Upside / Downside-0.1%

Implied EV$109.52M

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