PACK — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($5.09)
DCF	$-0.74	-114.6%
Graham Number	—	—
Reverse DCF	—	implied g: 24.3%
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	$5.09	-0.0%

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: $15.26M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 8.0% / EPS: —

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 9.90%

Computed WACC: 9.90%

Cost of equity (Re)19.86%(Rf 4.30% + β 2.83 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)49.85%

Debt weight (D/V)50.15%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$-1.22

Current Price$5.09

Upside / Downside-124.0%

Net Debt (used)$382.20M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	0.0%	4.0%	8.0%	12.0%	16.0%
7.0%	$-0.65	$0.12	$1.02	$2.04	$3.23
8.0%	$-1.36	$-0.74	$-0.03	$0.80	$1.74
9.0%	$-1.85	$-1.34	$-0.74	$-0.06	$0.72
10.0%	$-2.21	$-1.77	$-1.27	$-0.69	$-0.03
11.0%	$-2.48	$-2.11	$-1.67	$-1.17	$-0.60

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $-0.47

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $6.38

Results

Graham Number requires positive EPS and positive Book Value per share. EPS is zero or negative.

Graham Number—

Current Price$5.09

Margin of Safety—

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 9.90%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 9.90%

Cost of equity (Re)19.86%(Rf 4.30% + β 2.83 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)49.85%

Debt weight (D/V)50.15%

Results

Current Price$5.09

Implied Near-term FCF Growth27.1%

Historical Revenue Growth8.0%

Historical Earnings Growth—

Base FCF (TTM)$15.26M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$5.09

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: $54.40M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: 14.9×

Net Debt($B)Default: $382.20M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$5.09

Current Price$5.09

Upside / Downside-0.0%

Implied EV$811.65M

Sensitivity: EV/EBITDA multiple (rows) × Net Debt (cols)

Mult \ Net Debt	-$1.62B	-$617.80M	$382.20M	$1.38B	$2.38B
10.9x	$26.21	$14.36	$2.51	$-9.34	$-21.19
12.9x	$27.50	$15.65	$3.80	$-8.05	$-19.90
14.9x	$28.79	$16.94	$5.09	$-6.76	$-18.61
16.9x	$30.08	$18.23	$6.38	$-5.47	$-17.32
18.9x	$31.37	$19.52	$7.67	$-4.18	$-16.03

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