RAL

RAL — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

ModelIntrinsic Valuevs Price ($46.73)
DCF$42.85-8.3%
Graham Number
Reverse DCFimplied g: 6.3%
DDM$4.12-91.2%
EV/EBITDA$46.30-0.9%

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Yahoo: $326.80M
Rev: 1.2% / EPS: —
Default: 9% (no SEC data)

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$42.85
Current Price$46.73
Upside / Downside-8.3%
Net Debt (used)$904.20M
Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)
WACC \ Near-term-3.0%1.0%5.0%9.0%13.0%
7.0%$43.28$53.66$65.72$79.69$95.78
8.0%$34.15$42.50$52.20$63.41$76.31
9.0%$27.83$34.78$42.85$52.15$62.85
10.0%$23.19$29.12$35.99$43.90$52.99
11.0%$19.63$24.78$30.74$37.60$45.47

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

Graham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)
Yahoo: $-10.84
Yahoo: $14.48

Results

Graham Number requires positive EPS and positive Book Value per share. EPS is zero or negative.
Graham Number
Current Price$46.73
Margin of Safety
Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

Default: 9% (no SEC data)

Results

Current Price$46.73
Implied Near-term FCF Growth6.3%
Historical Revenue Growth1.2%
Historical Earnings Growth
Base FCF (TTM)$326.80M
Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Yahoo: $0.20

Results

DDM Intrinsic Value / share$4.12
Current Price$46.73
Upside / Downside-91.2%
Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

Yahoo: $374.20M
Current: 16.4×
Default: $904.20M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$46.30
Current Price$46.73
Upside / Downside-0.9%
Implied EV$6.13B
Sensitivity: EV/EBITDA multiple (rows) × Net Debt (cols)
Mult \ Net Debt-$1.10B-$95.80M$904.20M$1.90B$2.90B
12.4x$50.76$41.89$33.03$24.16$15.30
14.4x$57.39$48.53$39.66$30.80$21.93
16.4x$64.03$55.16$46.30$37.43$28.57
18.4x$70.66$61.80$52.93$44.07$35.20
20.4x$77.30$68.43$59.57$50.70$41.84