VMD — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($8.69)
DCF	$13.62	+56.7%
Graham Number	$5.18	-40.3%
Reverse DCF	—	implied g: 16.3%
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	$8.90	+2.4%

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: $10.17M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 24.0% / EPS: -9.8%

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 10.29%

Computed WACC: 10.29%

Cost of equity (Re)11.04%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.23 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)93.17%

Debt weight (D/V)6.83%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$10.92

Current Price$8.69

Upside / Downside+25.6%

Net Debt (used)$13.57M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	16.0%	20.0%	24.0%	28.0%	32.0%
7.0%	$15.13	$17.86	$20.99	$24.53	$28.53
8.0%	$11.99	$14.15	$16.62	$19.41	$22.57
9.0%	$9.84	$11.61	$13.62	$15.90	$18.47
10.0%	$8.28	$9.76	$11.44	$13.35	$15.50
11.0%	$7.09	$8.35	$9.79	$11.42	$13.25

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $0.34

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $3.51

Results

Graham Number$5.18

Current Price$8.69

Margin of Safety-40.3%

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 10.29%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 10.29%

Cost of equity (Re)11.04%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.23 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)93.17%

Debt weight (D/V)6.83%

Results

Current Price$8.69

Implied Near-term FCF Growth20.0%

Historical Revenue Growth24.0%

Historical Earnings Growth-9.8%

Base FCF (TTM)$10.17M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$8.69

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: $46.72M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: 7.5×

Net Debt($B)Default: $13.57M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$8.90

Current Price$8.69

Upside / Downside+2.4%

Implied EV$351.93M

Sensitivity: EV/EBITDA multiple (rows) × Net Debt (cols)

Mult \ Net Debt	-$1.99B	-$986.42M	$13.57M	$1.01B	$2.01B
3.5x	$56.59	$30.29	$3.98	$-22.32	$-48.62
5.5x	$59.05	$32.75	$6.44	$-19.86	$-46.16
7.5x	$61.51	$35.20	$8.90	$-17.40	$-43.71
9.5x	$63.96	$37.66	$11.36	$-14.95	$-41.25
11.5x	$66.42	$40.12	$13.82	$-12.49	$-38.79

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