VVOS — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($1.41)
DCF	$-625.92	-44491.2%
Graham Number	—	—
Reverse DCF	—	—
DDM	—	—
EV/EBITDA	—	—

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: -$9.38M

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 75.7% / EPS: —

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 23.77%

Computed WACC: 23.77%

Cost of equity (Re)42.21%(Rf 4.30% + β 6.89 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)56.30%

Debt weight (D/V)43.70%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$-94.23

Current Price$1.41

Upside / Downside-6783.2%

Net Debt (used)$9.41M

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	67.7%	71.7%	75.7%	79.7%	83.7%
7.0%	$-804.84	$-904.77	$-1014.42	$-1134.48	$-1265.69
8.0%	$-622.10	$-699.18	$-783.76	$-876.37	$-977.55
9.0%	$-497.85	$-559.41	$-626.95	$-700.89	$-781.67
10.0%	$-408.54	$-458.95	$-514.23	$-574.76	$-640.88
11.0%	$-341.70	$-383.76	$-429.88	$-480.37	$-535.53

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $-1.77

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $0.31

Results

Graham Number requires positive EPS and positive Book Value per share. EPS is zero or negative.

Graham Number—

Current Price$1.41

Margin of Safety—

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 23.77%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 23.77%

Cost of equity (Re)42.21%(Rf 4.30% + β 6.89 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)56.30%

Debt weight (D/V)43.70%

Results

Reverse DCF requires positive TTM free cash flow.

Current Price$1.41

Implied Near-term FCF Growth—

Historical Revenue Growth75.7%

Historical Earnings Growth—

Base FCF (TTM)-$9.38M

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: —

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

This company does not pay a dividend. DDM is not applicable — the intrinsic value shown uses D0 = $0 unless you enter a hypothetical dividend above.

DDM Intrinsic Value / share—

Current Price$1.41

Upside / Downside—

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: -$15.31M

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: -1.4×

Net Debt($B)Default: $9.41M

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$1.21

Current Price$1.41

Upside / Downside-14.1%

Implied EV$22.09M

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