MS — Valuation Models

Interactive models with editable assumptions. All calculations run client-side.

Valuation Summary

Model	Intrinsic Value	vs Price ($176.62)
DCF	$65.54	-62.9%
Graham Number	$120.29	-31.9%
Reverse DCF	—	—
DDM	$82.40	-53.3%
EV/EBITDA	—	—

Values reflect default assumptions. Adjust inputs in each model below to update.

1 — Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Assumptions

Base FCF($B)Yahoo: —

Near-term growth (yrs 1–5)(%)Rev: 11.0% / EPS: 20.7%

Long-term growth (yrs 6–10)(%)

Terminal growth rate(%)

WACC(%)Computed: 4.05%

Computed WACC: 4.05%

Cost of equity (Re)10.78%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.18 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)37.54%

Debt weight (D/V)62.46%

Results

Intrinsic Value / share$65.54

Current Price$176.62

Upside / Downside-62.9%

Net Debt (used)-$103.75B

Sensitivity: WACC (rows) × Near-term g (cols)

WACC \ Near-term	12.7%	16.7%	20.7%	24.7%	28.7%
7.0%	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54
8.0%	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54
9.0%	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54
10.0%	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54
11.0%	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54	$65.54

2 — Graham Number

Assumptions

MultiplierGraham used 22.5 (15× P/E × 1.5× P/B)

EPS (trailing)($)Yahoo: $10.21

Book Value / share($)Yahoo: $62.98

Results

Graham Number$120.29

Current Price$176.62

Margin of Safety-31.9%

Formula: √(22.5 × max(0,EPS) × max(0,BVPS))

3 — Reverse DCF (Implied Growth)

Assumptions

WACC(%)Computed: 4.05%

Terminal growth rate(%)

Computed WACC: 4.05%

Cost of equity (Re)10.78%(Rf 4.30% + β 1.18 × ERP 5.50%)

Cost of debt (Rd)0.00%(no debt / unavailable → 0%)

Tax rate (T)21.00%(US statutory fallback)

Equity weight (E/V)37.54%

Debt weight (D/V)62.46%

Results

Reverse DCF requires positive TTM free cash flow.

Current Price$176.62

Implied Near-term FCF Growth—

Historical Revenue Growth11.0%

Historical Earnings Growth20.7%

Base FCF (TTM)—

Implied growth is the FCF growth rate (yrs 1–5) that makes the DCF intrinsic value equal the current price. Long-term growth is set to half the implied near-term rate.

4 — Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

Assumptions

Annual dividend D0($/share)Yahoo: $4.00

Dividend growth rate (g)(%)

Required return (r)(%)

Results

DDM Intrinsic Value / share$82.40

Current Price$176.62

Upside / Downside-53.3%

Formula: D0 × (1+g) / (r − g)

5 — EV/EBITDA Multiple

Assumptions

EBITDA($B)Yahoo: —

Target EV/EBITDA multipleCurrent: —×

Net Debt($B)Default: -$103.75B

Results

Implied Equity Value / share$65.54

Current Price$176.62

Upside / Downside-62.9%

Implied EV$0

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